My Beautiful Laundrette By Hanif Kureishi And Directed By...

My Beautiful Laundrette, a 1985 film written by Hanif Kureishi and directed by Stephen Frears, was heavily shaped by the surrounding social and economic climate taking place under Thatcherism. In the Thatcher era, an emphasis was put upon the return to Victorian values- including the encouragement of the self-made man, meaning that great importance was put upon individual interest as a opposed to communal ones. The government privatized industries that were formally nationalized. Inevitably, the gap between the upper and lower class increased. Under the conservative rule of Thatcher, other morals were encouraged such as the concept of a nuclear family, the preservation of British culture, ignoring or denouncing homosexuality, and†¦show more content†¦Considered to be â€Å"social realist† films, they reflected and acknowledged issues in present society and criticized Thatcherism. In 1982, Channel 4 was launched, a network that financed low-budget independent films and encouraged cultural diversity, giving voices to those who had continuously been ignored. With this in mind, it should be obvious that the majority of these films had an extreme opposition to Thatcher and the principles encouraged under her influence. My Beautiful Laundrette was among the numerous films produced by channel 4. Shot with 16mm film, typically used for home videos or documentaries, this only increased the sense of realism portrayed. The film had been made â€Å"so cheaply and quickly and out of love,† it was never expected t o reach any sort of commercial success or be viewed amongst a wide audience (Kureishi 1992) â€Å"Their success helped illustrate that it was possible to make films about non-traditional subjects and reach large audiences† (1992). Being produced by channel 4 and representing minority audiences, one can deduce that the core features of the film were to challenge ideologies under the rule of Thatcher, which both Stephen Frears and Krusichi have been critical of. Frears has stated, â€Å"She has divided the country between north and south, between the employed and unemployed, between the rich and the poor, between the people who’ve got

Essay on Nature vs. Nurture The Biology of Sexuality

Biology is a science and the questions are if women and men are predetermined by this science and if it has an impact on peoples behaviours. This questions are difficult to argue about because we do not have the right answer and everyone has a subjective point of view. It appears mostly as a philosophical debate. The science itself researches concrete facts trying to understand the reflection on knowledge and conscientiousness in achievements of sciences. First of all, we have to make the difference between sex and gender. Biological sex includes physical attributes such as sex chromosomes, hormones and internal reproductive structures and external genitalia. This is what identify individuals as male or female at birth. Gender has†¦show more content†¦The women potential of giving birth is a biological predisposition, which creates the major gap between the two sexes leading to the cause of the debate about womens role in the society. Many scientists argue over the fact that as only women are able to give birth they have innate sense to take care of babies so they have to stay home, but the men on the other hand dont have this inner sense and their only occupation is the work. This dissimilitude will set in the  « sexes war  » that is emphasised by stereotypes. Whats more, men used to be physically stronger than women because nowadays, thanks to hormonal supplement women also can have as much muscles as men, for example in body-building sport. Certainly there are distinctions between males and females but it is more accurate to say that men and women are complement rather than different. Moreover, it is proven that hormones have some influences on males and females behaviour, especially upon animals. Nevertheless unlike animals, human being should be able to escape from this determinism because he is fitted with a brain and mind. According to the article from  « Le Monde  », titled  « Nous avons tous des cerveaux diffà ©rents  », if biolo gical constraints would have an impact on mens and womens behaviour, we should expected to invariant features common to all civilizations. But its not the case, thus biological pattern do not become established. The twoShow MoreRelatedHomosexuality : Nature And Nature871 Words   |  4 PagesHomosexuality: Nature or nurture By: Clifnie francois Advance Placement Psychology Mr. Cuetara June 4 2015 Abstract The nature and nature of homosexuality is heavily debated. Some people believe that homosexuality is biologically determined and others believe it’s base on ones environment. This topic can be argue to be base on both nature and nurture. Studies conducted in the past decades support both the biological and environmentalRead MoreNature Vs. 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Nurture1168 Words   |  5 PagesThis is an exploration that will summarize and investigate the researched biology and science background comparing the neurological anatomy and science of a heterosexual and homosexual man through the studies; Simon LeVay, Roselli, Hamers, Sanders, Hansen. The perception of whether homosexuality conforms to the course of nature vs. nurture can influence the amount of scrutiny judged upon affected individuals. So, the purpose of this extended essay is to answer the research question of to what extentRead MoreIs Homosexuality Or Not?1707 Words   |  7 Pagessociety today. While some people argue that homosexu ality is genetic, some people also believe that it is nature and not nurture. Genetics is the study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation in living organisms. Genetic processes work in combination with an organism s environment and experiences that influence development and behavior of the organism, often stated to as nature vs nurture. 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Free Sample- Bugs And Buds In Fast Food Industry Of Pakistan

Question: Describe about the Bugs and Buds in Fast Food Industry of Pakistan? Answer: In order to perform the internal as well as external analysis of the fast food restaurant to be start up in Pakistan, an in-depth knowledge of the same shall be procured. Firstly, SWOT analysis i.e. strengths, weakness, opportunities threats shall be done to perform the internal analysis. The SWOT analysis shall be done keeping in mind Pakistans fast food industry. Whereas, to perform the external analysis porters five forces model, PESTEL analysis (political, economic, social, technological and legal) and identification of the key players in Pakistan so as to see what position the fast food restaurant will have in the years to come. Based upon the fast food industry analysis, McDonalds, Pizza Hut, Dominos KFC are the main players operating in Pakistan. These chains have a better edge over the various small fast food chains plying in Pakistan (Rawalpindi). Internal analysis of Fast Food Company SWOT Analysis: Strengths Real Estate: Location plays a vital role in capturing more customers. Location matters as it attracts more customers. For example, the best place to start up the fast food company is near the hostel or college or school or hospitals (Saloner, Shepard Podolny, 2001). Strong management: It is the management which marks the success or failure of any food joint. With the help of strong management, the fast food restaurant will be able to reach its potential. Strong management has a strong impact on the functioning of the fast food company. Therefore, more weight shall be put on it. Cost advantage has an impact on the smooth functioning of the fast food industry; hence more weight shall be put on it. Continuous innovation product development will help the fast food restaurant to have a competitive edge as compared to its competitors (Saloner, Shepard Podolny, 2001). Professional training of the employees to ensure high quality for all the customers. Weaknesses Inefficiency work environment: An inefficient working environment means that, the services are being offered in an effective manner. Work efficiencies have a significant role in the smooth running of the restaurant. Lack of online presence results in lost opportunities for fast food restaurant. Obsolete technology can also lead to high levels of disasters in case of the fast food industry (Saloner, Shepard Podolny, 2001). Weak Research development (RD) will have a long tern negative impact on the fast food restaurant. Lack of advertisements will lead to less marketing and hence there will less revenue Fast Food restaurant might attract negative press review for selling junk food to the children at reasonable prices. High set up cost High employee turnover rate Opportunities The fast food restaurant can enter the organic food industry as people are becoming more health conscious (Sadler, 2003). Fast food restaurant shall expand its menu by adding more dishes rather than only serve alloo tikki burgers noodles. The fast food restaurant shall sponsor certain events for the kids or adults. The fast food restaurants shall cater to various other added services such as internet services. This will act as an added advantage for the fast food restaurant. Once the fast food restaurant attains goo response from Pakistan, the next step shall be to expand its outlets and capture the untapped markets (Plunkett, 2013). High levels of innovation will help the fast food restaurant produce unique products thereby meet the needs of the customer. Threats High health awareness might have a negative impact on the fast food restaurant. Negative media can also have a significant impact on the fast food restaurant. High levels of competition can also be one of the major threats for fast food restaurant. The sales revenue generated by the company totally depends upon the economic status of the country. Hence, economic stability of the country plays a vital role (Sadler, 2003). Change in the government regulations can have a negative impact on the fast food restaurant. Threats from the various global competitors such as KFS, Pizza Hut, McDonalds, Dominos, etc. One of the major threats for fast food restaurant can be seen in regards to the change in taste of the consumers (Moodys Investors Services, 2009). The taste of the consumers changes quickly. Therefore, the fast food restaurant shall be aware as to what food items shall be served. External analysis of Fast Food Company Porters Five forces Model: (Source: Parkhe, Smith Chandran, 1993) The fives forces porters model illustrates how a particular industry performs. The five forces porters model helps to have an in depth view of the political social economic environmental and legal aspects of Pakistans fast food industry. According to the five force porter model, there are five main forces upon which, the entire industry revolves. Each of the factors mentioned above plays an essential role in the competitiveness of the industry. Threat of new entrants: The threat of new entrants in Pakistans fast food industry is extremely high. It has been noticed that, the various foreign brands such as McDonalds, Pizza Hut, Dominos, and KFC have captured more than half population (Lutke Entrup, 2005). According to the survey, it has been seen that opening a restaurant in Pakistan is an inexpensive tasks these days. Therefore, the budget constraint makes it easy for anyone to come up with a new restaurant. Bargaining power of buyers: The bargaining of buyers is opposite the bargaining power of the suppliers. The bargaining powers of the customers play an important role in setting the price of the commodity (Mcguire Linde, 2006). It shall be seen that, when the bargaining power of the buyers is high, they have the capacity to fix the price of the same. It has been seen that, the people who come to fast food restaurant tends to demand high quality food with an overwhelming dining experience at a reasonable price attached to it. It shall be seen by the fast food chain owners that, the price attached to it shall be less or at par with the fast food chains. If the fast food chains raise their prices, the customers would switch to a big or a global brand restaurant. The fast food chain shall be able to maintain reasonable prices only then; they will be able to gain reasonable growth in the fast food market (Jeffs, 2008). In order to be in the market, fast food restaurant shall use various d ifferentiated offer just like McDonalds happy meals (catering to children as their target group), Two for Tuesday Dominos (buy 1 get one), Drive way thru McDonalds (provides buyers with the convenience to eat while they drive through their office r workplace). Bargaining power of suppliers: The bargaining power of the suppliers is weak, but still it has a major impact on the functioning of the industry. It has been seen that, most of the restaurant get food from various different sources (Hosseinzadeh, 2014). For example, most restaurants offer meat. There are many options available with the organization as to what do they choose. Another example is the supply of soft drink. In all the major restaurants, soft drink is dominated by Coco Cola Pepsi due to its well managed supply chain. Moreover, Pepsi Coco Cola provides its users with refrigerators dispensers to pour the drink. This helps the company to market about their product. Competitive rivalry: Competition amongst the firms is high in Pakistans fast food industry. It is seen that, companies can try to attain competitive advantage from its rivals by either changing its prices or by improving the product or by using a different channel of distribution or lastly, by exploiting the relations with the suppliers. Threat of substitutes: The threat of substitutes in Pakistan food industry is moderate. Substitutes are easily available. It is seen that, food can be purchased from anywhere ranging from a thellewala to a branded food chain or from a retail food store (Grunert Wills, 2007). However, the convenience attached with the same is the value adding component along with the service which reduces the threat of substitutes. People can cook at home cheaply, but it lacks convenience which is the need of the hour these days. One of the main source of threat is the Pakistani cuisine. The prices charged by the ready to cook meals are somewhat same compared to the price charged by the fast food restaurant (Key Note, 2009). There are many options available in front of the customers and they tend to pick as per their choice pocket. PESTEL Analysis Political Analysis: The political stability of any country plays a very important role in the smooth functioning of the food industry. Some of the factors such as type of government, government policies, trade policies internal business conditions play a vital role in development of the food industry. Lastly, the Restaurant Act 1976 will be applicable on the fast food restaurant. The political stability of Pakistan makes it easy for the food joint owners to come up with their ventures. Economic and Environmental Analysis: It has been seen that, the economic factors are closely related to the performance of the Pakistans fast food industry. The performance of the Pakistans fast food industry is positively correlated to the environment in which it is being operated (Choe Min, 2007). It shall be taken into consideration that, while setting up the fast food restaurant in Pakistan choice of location will play an important role in capturing the target audience. The location for fast food restaurant shall be set up at a place which is dominated by the youth. For example, the apt place for setting up the fast food restaurant will be nearby the hostels or colleges or schools (Garber Rustig, 2011). The fast food restaurant shall provide various deals or offers so that a better response is picked up from the initial stage itself. Social Analysis: The socio-cultural analysis also plays a vital role in improving the overall efficiency of the fast food industry. The efficiency of the fast food industry is improved with increased civilization people as some of them prefer home deliveries some prefer to enjoy their life by going out have some snack shack. When catering to the population of Pakistan, it is taken more as an amusement activity (Choe Min, 2007). While keeping in mind this factor, some of the other factors which shall be catered to be increasing health awareness, change in the eating habits of the population, increasing awareness towards health living media attention. Technological Analysis: In todays dynamic and ever changing environment, technology plays a vital role in the overall efficiency of the fast food industry. Use of technology has satisfactory satisfying results on the growth of the market. The use of internet or technology helps in attracting customers as well as grabbing their attention (Chaffey, 2009). With the help of various modern technologies, the fast food restaurant in Pakistan will be able to market about it publicize amongst its target audience. In the initial stages of development, fast food restaurant shall give various offers and packages to its customers so as to increase its sales volume. Legal Analysis: While opening a fast food chain in Pakistan, it shall be noticed that restaurants should comply with the specific rules regulations. Some of the rules and regulations which shall be followed by the restaurant owners are opening hours, taxation reforms, employment regulations, etc. In most of the cases, restaurant owners are required to match with the food standards such as Food Drug Administration (FDA). Moreover, authorities have taken various steps to avoid obesity amongst children (as they are the main target audience). Marketing Strategies of Fast Food Restaurant: Fast Food industry in Pakistan has been referred to as one of the highly competitive and dynamic industries. Therefore, to have a competitive edge in depth market research should be done by fast food restaurant (Byars, Rue Zahra, 1996). Fast food restaurant in Pakistan should know its target audience, what they want develop the marketing strategies according their taste preferences. Some of the marketing strategies which shall be adopted by fast food restaurant have been discussed as follows: Collectibles: The first marketing strategy which shall be adopted by Fast Food Restaurant in Pakistan to increase its sales could be with the help of collectibles. This marketing strategy will help Fast Food Restaurant to attract kids (Brody Lord, 2000). Market segmentation: Market Segmentation refers to the second marketing strategy which shall be used by Fast Food Restaurants in Pakistan to patronize the restaurant. Based upon market segmentation, the restaurant will be able to frame clusters and serve their customers based upon their taste preferences (Bender Bender, 1995). Loyalty programs: Loyalty programs refer to the next best marketing strategy for the fast food restaurant in Pakistan. Fast Food restaurant shall give cards to their customers on whom they will get discounts or reward points which can be reimbursed on any of the occasions (anniversary or birthday) (Arshad, 2012). For example, free welcome drinks for customers who possess the loyalty card or a free meal after the 12th In-store marketing: Some of the in-store marketing techniques which could be used by Food fast Restaurant are: Brochures Word of mouth advertising (cheapest and one of the most common ways of marketing) Wall posters Name the dishes interestingly which attracts kids or the youth Grand opening Catering Signage or bill-boards Design concept Merchandising items such as coffee mugs, t-shirts, balls, photo frames, posters, bed sheets, etc. Local store marketing Company web page Article in local magazine Advertisement in magazine Campaigns in the newspaper Mails to the customers References Arshad, M. (2012). Bugs and Buds in Fast Food Industry of Pakistan Effect of Swot on the Performance of Fast Food Industry in Pakistan.School of Doctoral Studies (European Union) Journal. Bender, A.E. and Bender, D.A. (1995). A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Brody, A. and Lord, J. (2000).Developing new food products for a changing marketplace. Lancaster, Pa.: Technomic Pub. Co. Byars, L., Rue, L. and Zahra, S. (1996).Strategic management. Chicago: Irwin. Chaffey, D (2009),Internet Marketing: Strategy, Implementation and Practice,Harlow: Pearson Education Choe, E and Min, D (2007), Chemistry of Deep-Fat Frying Oils,Journal of Food Science, Volume 72, Issue 5, ppR77-R86 Garber, A and Rustig, R (2011), Is fast food addictive?,Current Drug Abuse Review,Volume 4, Issue 3, pp146-162 Grunert, K and Wills, J (2007), A review of European research on consumer response to nutrition information on food labels,Journal of Public Health,Volume 15, Issue 5, pp385-399. Hammad Mashhadi and, A. and Ijaz-Ur-Rehma, Q. (2015). Impact of External Environment on the Performance of the Fast Food Industry.International Journal of Management, Economics and Social Sciences, 1(1), pp.19-25. Hayes, D. and Miller, A. (2011).Revenue management for the hospitality industry. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Hosseinzadeh, M. (2014). The role of market orientation on market chaos: A case study fast food industry.10.5267/j.msl, pp.439-442. J., Mcguire, M., Linde, J., (2006), Are fast food restaurants an environmental risk factor for obesity? International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 32. Jeffs, C. (2008).Strategic management. Los Angeles: SAGE. Key Note (2009),Fast-Food Home-Delivery Outlets Market Update 2009, London: Key Note. Lutke Entrup, M. (2005).Advanced planning in fresh food industries. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag. Moodys Investors Services (2009),Fast-Food Advantage, New York: Alacra Store. Parkhe, A., Smith, M. and Chandran, R. (1993). An Application of Porter's Strategic Management Framework to Fast Food Retailing Performance.Journal of Food Products Marketing, 1(2), pp.43-55. Plunkett, J. (2013).Plunkett's Food Industry Almanac 2013. Houston: Plunkett Research, Ltd. Sadler, P. (2003).Strategic management. Sterling, VA: Kogan Page. Saloner, G., Shepard, A. and Podolny, J. (2001).Strategic management. New York: John Wiley. Vladimirov, Z. (2011). Implementation of food safety management system in Bulgaria. British Food Journal. vol 113, no. 1, pp. 50~65. Warsi, K. and Nisa, S. (n.d.). Food Retailing: Fast Food Industry.SSRN Journal. Zwart, A. and Fearne, A. (1994).Strategic alliances in the European food industry. [London]: Wye College, University of London.

Network Mediums Essays - Signal Cables, IEEE Standards,

Network Mediums With the emergence of the Ethernet LAN (Local Area Network) introduced in the early 1970s by Xerox, the telecommunications world has welcomed this newfound gift with open arms. Since communications is such a vital aspect of all businesses these days, proper acquaintance with this marvelous technology can greatly enhance your companys productivity and efficiency. In this paper, we will reflect into the many different characteristics of media that the LANs are based upon and compare/contrast these different medias. There are basically four types of media used for Local Area Networks. The most commonly used are twisted copper pairs, Coaxial cables, Fiber Optic, and the Wireless technology. Twisted copper wire, also known, as the common telephone wire is very similar to the wires used in telephone systems. However, the twisted pair wire required for reliable data transmission is of a heavier gauge than the telephone wire. It uses 24 to 26 AWG (American Wire Gauge, www.datapro.com). The purpose of twisting the copper wires together is to minimize the interference between the two adjacent wires. Otherwise, there would be too much line noise to transfer voice or data efficiently. There are two different types of twisted pairs that are used to transmit data. The STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) and the UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair). Just like it sounds, the STP is a special kind of copper telephone wiring used in some business installations. An outer covering or a shield is added to the twisted pair acting as a ground. This process shields the twisted pair from EMI (Electro-magnetic Interference), which will disturb the data transmission greatly. The UTP is just a twisted pair w ithout the extra shielding. It just relies on the copper twists to protect it from the EMI. The twisted pairs are grades into five different categories by their data carrying ability. The 6th grade is still in the works. (Please refer to the diagram below: www.whatis.com) Category Maximum data rate Usual application CAT 1 Less than 1 Mbps Analog voice (plain old telephone service)ISDN Basic Rate InterfaceDoorbell wiring CAT 2 4 Mbps Mainly used in the IBM Cabling System for Token Ring networks CAT 3 16 Mbps Voice and data on 10BASE-T Ethernet CAT 4 20 Mbps Used in 16Mbps Token RingOtherwise not used much CAT 5 100 Mbps 100 Mbps TPDDI155 Mbps ATM As you can see, the twisted pairs can range greatly in bandwidth by the different levels of CATs. For a LAN environment, the CAT 2 and above are used because they can transmit greater amounts of data. These generally are used for Token Ring LANs except for the CAT 3, which is only supported by the Ethernet LANs. Most companies who have networks in the offices use twisted pair system to run their LAN. Using the twisted pair media for LANs is very attractive because of its low cost; mainly the UTP setup because it cost much less than the STPs and the STP cabling are far more difficult to put into walls than the UTPs. On the other hand, the risk of going with the twisted pair setup is the instability of the data flow because its susceptibility to line interference. The coaxial cabling is known as the Original LAN Media (www.datapro.com). The Coaxial cable is similar to the copper wires with the exception that one wire is braided or solid sheath that encompasses the other wire. Insulation material separates the two wires, the center wire is at high signal level, and the shield wire is at ground potential. The grounding of the outer shielding wire means that interference cannot penetrate the coaxial cable and induce noise onto the circuit. Shielded also do not radiate signals to other circuits as non-shielded circuits. The coaxial media also has two variations. The thick Ethernet, which runs on RG-8 coaxial cabling with a diameter of 0.4 and the thin Ethernet, which uses RG-58 coaxial cable with a diameter of 0.25. (www.datapro.com). Using a coaxial cable provides a much larger analog bandwidth and digital transmission speed. Also the attenuation per mile is much grater than twisted-pair circuits. Along with the added features versus the twisted pair, the coaxial cabling does cost significantly more. Fiber optic media can be considered to be the best media available for LANs.