Newton Weights Essay

As it is known, diverse cloths have different properties. They cultivate differently under different circumstances. thither argon a number of properties of matter which can be explained in terms of molecular behaviour. Among these properties is elasticity. Intermolecular forces these be electromagnetic forces between molecules. The effect and direction of these forces differ in accordance to the separation of the molecules. Materials are practic altogethery subjected to different forces. Forces can be distorting, that is they can alter the shape of a bole.Two distorting forces I shall look at are tensity and compression. strain/tensile sample, much generally referred to as stretch, happens when impertinent forces (larger red arrows) act on a consistence so that different parts of that remains are pulled to go in different directions. In nearly materials, the intermolecular force (smaller aqua arrows) of attraction shows resistance to these external forces, so that for merly the external forces have abated, the consistency resumes its sea captain shape/length.Compression/compressive r individually, much generally referred to as squashing, happens when external forces act on a carcass of material so that different parts of that body are pushed in towards the centre of the body. In most materials, the intermolecular force of repulsion acts against these external forces, so that when the distorting force is removed, the molecules return to their original arrangement and spacing. Materials that do this are known to have the property of elasticity. In short, elasticity is the ability of a material to return to its original shape and sizing after distorting forces (i.e. tension and/or compression) have been removed.Materials which have this ability are elastic those which do not have this ability are considered plastic. This always happens when the distorting force is infra a certain size (which is different for each material). This point where th e body volition no longer return to its original shape/size ( repay qualified to the distorting force becoming too large) is known as the elastic secure (which differs from material to material). As long as the distorting force is below this size, the body that is under the external forces will always return to its original shape.As the body is put under more and more prove (distorting force), the body strains (deforms, extends) more and more. Right up to the elastic dress, the body will affect straining, in accordance to the size of the nidus. This is where Hookes legal philosophy comes in. Hookes natural law states that, when a distorting force is applied to an object, the strain is proportional to the stress. For example, if the load/stress is doubled, then the extension/strain would also double. However, there is a limit of proportionality (which is often also the elastic limit), only up to which Hookes Law is true.Since the strain is proportional to the stress for differ ent materials where Hookes Law is true, then there should be a fixed ratio of stress to strain for a given elastic material. This ratio is known as its Youngs Modulus. Youngs Modulus can be reckon from the stress and the strain of an object under tensile/compressive stress. e = castrate over in length/extension of object, in cm p = original length of object, in cm a = cross-sectional area of object, in cm2 f = size of force applied, in newtonsFor example, the Youngs Modulus of loopy Steel = 2 x 1011 N m-2 Copper = 11 x 1010 N m-2 Hookes Law and Youngs Modulus apply to most elastic materials, with the exceptions. A special shape which material can be bent into to in order to optimize custom of the elasticity of a material is a move. gives are utilized by us everywhere in seats, mattresses, cars, toys, and all other sorts of necessary objects and items we encounter in our occasional lives. They are normally made from metal, though they can come from plastics, rubberize or e ven glass.When compressive stress is applied to a spring, the spring perceptibly shortens, though the actual length of the body material shortens very little. It is due to this special shape of springs that permit it do this. The same occurs when tensile stress is applied. When a spring is being extended or pulled on, it may wait the spring is changing length dramatically, but in actual feature the springs body material relatively doesnt change shape at all, but rather the shape of the body is more spaced out. AIM My objective in this try is to find out how a spring varies in length with added load.I also requirement to witness Hookes Law in action, and I want to acknowledge the behaviour of the spring/s even after the load added causes the stress in the spring to exceed the elastic limit. PLAN My taste is passably straight forward to set up and carry out. In my experiment the information that I intend to assemble is the extension of the spring each time new/extra load is added to it. It is necessary that I use the most appropriate equipment for my experiment, hence I have chosen to use a retort stand which will hold up the spring and its tips up, a second retort stand from which a meter notice will be suspended.The metre rule will be decline up against the spring, so as to ensure an accurate reading. There is no evidence that I can feature before hand, other than the material of the spring. This entire experiment has to be as accurate, fair, precise and reliable as can practically be, but it is only possible to make it so to a certain extent. For instance, I cannot be absolutely sure that that all Newton incubuss weigh exactly 1000 grams, nor is it practical to find a ruler that is absolutely accurate.Hence I am forced to square up for the metre rule, which is accurate to or so 1 millimetre, and I will be aware that the Newton weights will be within an accuracy of about i 20 grams. These factors will not really be in my control however I can reasonably account for them when I construct a graph from my bow by using wrongful conduct bars for each point plotted. Another measure I am taking is that I shall not be the only ane to allow in readings from the metre rule I shall have two other peers who will also be reading off the same metre rule.From these 3 readings I shall draw up averages of level of weight applied to the spring. To be practical and observing at the same time, I must withdraw an appropriate extent and range, as well as appropriate integers, for the data that I intend to collect. I will be going to pledge the first measurement as the length of the spring when there is no mass given up to it. The last measurement shall be right up to when the spring can no longer hold on to the weights. I have a rough idea of the spring that I shall use, and I am assuming now that the spring shouldnt be able to hold much more than 13 kg.I shall be adding the weights one at a time (one Newton/kilogram at a time), and I shall be taking measurements at each of these intervals. The measurements that I shall take of the length of the spring will be in millimetres. So basically, one time I have set up the entire apparatus, I shall stand out off taking the measurement of the spring when it is free of load, then let my peers take theirs. Then I shall add a Newton weight one at a time, taking measurements with my helpers each time I add one. Of course well be wearing our goggles, because I dont want to take any risks.1) Collect equipment. 2) Prepare apparatus as shown in diagram. 3) Record the length of the spring when it is load-free, to cm, in the prepared set back for results. 4) Add a weight/mass of 1 kg or 1 N, and then take the new length of the spring. Record in the prepared table for results. 5) Continue adding on weights/masses of 1 kg, recording the length of the spring each time in the prepared table for results. This should be carried on until the weights can no longer be attached to the hanging spring. APPARATUS.The apparatus that I shall need set up for my experiment consist of the following items 1. Retort Stands (x 2) 2. Boss and Clamps (x 2) 3. Metre Rule 4. Spring (length 50 mm) 5. Newton Weights (x 15 approximately) Other items I shall need are three pairs of goggles. SAFETY I must consider my safety when works in the laboratory. It is common when this type of experiment is carried out that when a weight or anything for that matter is suspended from something as unstable as a hanging spring, the item in being suspended is prone to fall.